Contents

Introduction

1. Organizational set-up

1. Engineer-in-Chief
2. Chief Engineer, PHED
3. Chief Engineer (M&I), PHED
4. Cadre strength of PHED Mizoram
5. State Investment Programme Implementation Unit (SIPMIU)

2. Water Supply System In Mizoram

1. Piped  Water Supply System
2. Rain Water Harvesting System
3. Ground Water (Hand Pumps)
4. IVSS (Improvement of village spring sources)

3. Activities of PHED Mizoram

1. Activities in Urban Water Supply
2. Activities in Rural Water Supply
3. Jalmani (School Water Supply)
4. Drinking Water Quality Monitoring And Surveillance Programme
5. Emergency Water Supply
6. Sewerage and Sanitation
7. Ground Water Cell
8. Support Activities

 

            INTRODUCTION

 

                The Public Health Engineering Department, Government of Mizoram was bifurcated from the P.W.D, Government of Mizoram on 3^rd August 1983. Since then, the Department has been functioning as a full fledged Department. The Department has been dealing mainly with social services in Water Supply and Sanitation sectors. The Department is developing and upgrading its staffing pattern to meet ever-increasing demand due to rapid growth in population as well as vast scope of works in the field of Water Supply and Sanitation sector for better living standards of the people of the State.

 

 

1.         ORGANIZATIONAL  SET-UP

 

At present, the Department is headed by the Engineer-in-Chief who is assisted by 2 (Two) Chief Engineers and Superintending Engineer (Planning & Works), Superintending Engineer (Monitoring), Superintending Engineer (Investigation), having 5 (five) working Circles, 16 (sixteen) working Divisions and 37 (thirty seven) Sub-Divisions covering the whole State of Mizoram. The Engineers and staff working under this Department are rigourously endeavouring to achieve basic objectives of providing safe and adequate drinking Water Supply & Sanitation facilities, within their respective jurisdictions for better health of the people.

 

            The functions allotted to the offices are as under: -

 

a)         Chief Engineer, PHE:

            a)   Water Supply Sector:

                        i)    Urban Water Supply

                        ii)   Rural Water Supply

                        iii)  Rain Water Harvesting

                        iv)  Construction of Impounding Reservoir/ Dam

            b)   Sanitation Sector:

                        i)    Sewerage (towns)

                        ii)   Drainage

                        iii)  Solid Waste Management

                        iv)  TSC under 5 (five) District viz. Aizawl, Serchhip, Champhai, Kolasib & Mamit

 

            The offices of following Superintending Engineers alongwith E.Es will be under his jurisdiction:-

                        1.   S.E. Rural WATSAN Circle

                        2.   S.E. Aizawl WATSAN Circle

                        3.   S.E. Sewerage & Sanitation Circle

                        4.   S.E. Champhai WATSAN Circle

 

b)         Chief Engineer (M&I), PHE:

            a)   Monitoring & Investigation:

                        i)    Investigation, planning and feasibility study of schemes

                        ii)   Collection of information from the executing agencies regarding progress of works and maintenance.

                        iii)  Survey of water quality and maintenance of water quality control data.

                        iv)  Field level inspection of works execution and maintenance.

            b)   Water Supply Sector:

                        i)    State Water Policy & Water Security

                        ii)   Drinking water facilities to Rural schools

                        iii)  Same responsibilities as ‘A’ @ under Lunglei WATSAN Circle.

            c)   Sanitation Sector:

                        i)    Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) under 3 (three) Districts viz. Lunglei, Lawngtlai, Saiha.

            d)   Support Services:

                        i)    Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance Programme

                        ii)   Communication & Capacity Development (CCDU)

                        iii)  Management Information System (MIS)

 

            The offices of following Superintending Engineers along with EEs & AEs are also under his jurisdiction: -

1. S.E. (Mon)
2. S.E. (Investigation)
3. Director, CCDU (SE rank)
4. S.E., Lunglei WATSAN Circle

 

c)         Cadre strength of PHED Mizoram:

 

1) E-in-C                              -  Grade-I 'A'      (Supertime Scale Grade)                           -             1

2) C.E                                   -  Grade-I 'B'      (Selection Grade)                                      -             2

3) SE/JS(Tech)/Dir.CCDU  -  Grade-III        (Senior Administrative Grade)                 -           10

4) EE/US(Tech)                   -  Grade-IV        (Junior Administrative Grade) ie Sr EE    -           22                                   (Senior Grade) ie EE                                                            -             7

5)SDO/AE                           -  Grade-V          (Junior Grade)                                           -           68

                                                                                                                        TOTAL     -        110

 

No of Working Circle                         =  5

No of Working Division                     = 16

No of Working Sub-Division             = 37

Chief Chemist                                     - 1

Senior Chemist                                    - 4

Hydrogeologist                                   - 1

Deputy Director (Accounts)               - 1

Deputy Director (Admn.)                   - 2

 

 

2.         WATER  SUPPLY  SYSTEM  IN  MIZORAM

 

 

a) Piped Water Supply:

                        i) Gravity Feed System: The piped water supply system is generally a simple gravity system in rural areas with an intake structure. The system comprises of conveyance main, storage reservoir, distribution network and several tap stands to the consumers end. Water is collected from the perennial river which is usually located at a great distance from village.

                        ii) Pumping System: Lifting water from the source of natural rivers through high lift pump driven by power from external source to supply water to the treatment works and then to the storage reservoir. The location of reservoir is selected at the higher elevation from where water is distributed to the consumers by gravitation.

 

            b) Rain Water Harvesting:

Mizoram receives rainfall in abundant and it rains from May to September. An average annual rainfall is about 250 cm and it receives rainfall around 130 days in a year. The present system of traditional rain water harvesting practices is a version of the roof top rain water harvesting model. The PHED, Government of Mizoram has taken up its rainwater harvesting scheme under the mini-mission and other programmes of the Centrally Sponsored Schemes. This scheme was implemented in the villages in the absence of other sources that could supply water by gravity flow. The system of construction is based on 10 lpcd at water supply level of 6 members per family for 120 days of dry and the cost of storage tank of mild steel sheet worked out at an average to Rs. 20,000 with capacity of 7500 liters. This traditional water harvesting system is based on sound principles. However, improvement by way of incorporating modern technology and scientific inputs would transform it into even more efficient system towards solving the problems of drinking water in rural areas. The department is introducing impounding rain water at suitable natural depression by constructing stone masonry and/ or RCC dams and the stored rainwater in the impounding reservoir is being utilized mainly for the purpose of ground water recharging and drinking water supply.

 

            c) Ground Water:

The ground water exploration and extraction is being conducted by PHED, Government of Mizoram since 1987 by using drilling rig mounted on a truck. Bores are drilled upto an average 50m depth and Indian Mark-III installed for lifting ground water from the bore hole. The record reveals that 2889 nos. of bore holes were drilled so far out of which 1806 nos. of bore holes are successful and fitted with hand pump. Thus the success percentage have been achieved satisfactory that is more than 60% and it is very useful and important in the field of water supply system in Mizoram and having significant contribution to water supply level.

 

            However, it could be assumed through field investigation and observation that bore holes, wells drilled and construction of hand pump in Mizoram were shallow tube wells mainly controlled by localized potential with secondary structure possessing of independent parameters. Therefore, it is very difficult to arrive at any relevant conclusion regarding the nature and thickness of aquifers, depth to the ground water table, yield etc. So it can be understood that any formation that can be tapped in hilly region like Mizoram is bound to produce only limited yields, yet sufficient to supplementing drinking water supply.

 

d) Improved Villages Spring Source (IVSS/ Tuikhur):

The improvement and development of spring source nearby or within villages being undertaken by the State PHED. The system of construction of RCC or stone masonry structure in rectangular shape with GCI roofing, it is quite useful during dry season in supplementing water supply level in rural areas.

 

 

 

3.         ACTIVITIES  OF  PHED  MIZORAM

 

 

a)         Activities in Urban Water Supply

 

            There are 23 Urban towns in Mizoram and PHED has been implementing and maintaining Urban Water Supply for the last 2 decades. As of 1^st April 2011, 49,663 nos. of house water connections was provided in these urban towns. The programmes are still underway to improve the level of water supply in quantity and quality. It is expected that all the towns and city would be fully covered by the year 2015.

 

 

 

SCHEMES ALREADY COMPLETED

 

 

 

 

 

 

MAJOR ON-GOING SCHEMES IN URBAN WATER SUPPLY

 

1. Greater Saitual Water Supply Scheme                        Rs.    2153.20 Lakhs     
2. Greater Lawngtlai Water Supply Scheme                  Rs.    2564.50 Lakhs     
3. Greater Hnahthial Water Supply Scheme                   Rs.      825.60 Lakhs     
4. Aug & Renovation of Tlabung WSS                          Rs.      441.00 Lakhs     
5. Bairabi Water Supply Scheme                                    Rs.      490.37 Lakhs     
6. Greater Saiha Water Supply Scheme                          Rs.    2020.20 Lakhs
7. Greater Lunglei Improvement                                    Rs.      867.44 Lakhs
8. Greater Serchhip Improvement                                   Rs.      687.60 Lakhs

b)         Activities in Rural Water Supply

 

            In the past, drinking water supply in rural areas in Mizoram had been outside the Governments sphere of influence, the community managed Improved Village Spring Source (IVSS/ Tuikhur), private wells and Individual Rain Water Harvesting System have often been main traditional sources of rural drinking water, the first government installed rural water supply schemes were implemented in the 1950s as part of the Government’s policy to provide basic drinking water supply facilities to the rural population. Since then, the involvement of Government has increased with corresponding decrease in the role of communities in the rural water supply sector. The Government of India’s role in the rural drinking water supply sector started in 1972-1973 with the launch of Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) to assist the States for providing portable water to the rural population.

 

            The Rural Water Supply (RWS) sector has now entered the fourth generation with major emphasis on ensuring sustainability of water availability, adequacy, convenience, affordability and equity by adopting decentralized approach involving VWSC and the community. The approach and objectives is to ensure drinking water to all population on a sustainable basis and in the principles of decentralized, demand driven. Adoption of appropriate technology revival of traditional systems, conjunctive use of surface and ground water, conservation, rain water harvesting and recharging of drinking water sources have been given major emphasis in the new approach.

 

            During 1972-1986 the main objects of RWS was to provide adequate drinking water to rural community through a centralized PHED. The second generation, another programme was started by introducing Technology Mission (1986-1987) and later renamed RGNDWM (1991-1992). The third generation Sector Reform Project was launched during 1999-2000 and the principles was to involve Community in planning, implementation and management of RWS schemes later scaled up as Swajaldhara in 2002.

 

            In our Country, women generally manage domestic water and an essential ingredient of community participation is improve women’s involvement, since women are the principal beneficiaries of this programme and are the pivot around which the entire sustainability paradigm is evolved. The level of service should be linked to the issue of demand, commonly expressed through user willingness-to-pay for a particular level of service and their satisfaction. Coverage of a particular village should be indicated based on these criteria. However, the issue of equity and the basic minimum need concept should be kept in mind which designing the schemes. Based on these, consideration the ARWSP has been modified as National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) for the 11^th Plan period.

 

            The NRDWP is to meet the Rural Drinking Water Supply and to ensure the water availability, sustainability and quality. The different components of NRDWP and the center: State share funding are as follows:

 

                       

            Therefore, Mizoram may have the programme fund available for different component are as follows :-

1. 10 % for O & M.
2. 20 % for Sustainability measures.
3. 5 % for Support Activities.
4. 65 % for Coverage.

            The Government of Mizoram has taken a policy to provide 40 liters per capita per day of drinking water to all the rural habitations in the State. The Rural Water Supply is the responsibility of the State Water Supply and Sanitation Mission (SWSM). And all the Rural Water Supply Schemes are being executed through the SWSM and PHED as the implementing agency. The schemes which are implementing and fully covered habitations are handed over to Village Water & Sanitation Committee (VWSC) for further operation and maintenance.

 

Coverage status of Rural Habitation in Mizoram as on 1.4.2011.

 

MAJOR ON-GOING SCHEMES IN RURAL WATER SUPPLY

 

1. Tuipang & Surrounding villages WSS                        Rs.      941.13 Lakhs
2. Sangau Pumping Water Supply Scheme                     Rs.      484.00 Lakhs
3. West Phaileng Water Supply Scheme                         Rs.      995.19 Lakhs
4. Lower Sakawrdai Water Supply Scheme                   Rs.      133.70 Lakhs
5. Bilkhawthlir Pumping Scheme                                   Rs.      780.47 Lakhs
6. Phuaibuang Pumping Scheme                                     Rs.      391.50 Lakhs
7. Bualpui NG & Lungzarhtum WSS                             Rs.      493.00 Lakhs

 

Apart from these already sanctioned schemes, the following different schemes are also in the final stages for sanction from different sources:-

1. S. Khawbung Pumping Scheme                                 Rs.      786.50 Lakhs
2. Lengpui Greater Water Supply Scheme                     Rs.      499.97 Lakhs
3. Biate Composite Water Supply Scheme                     Rs.    3773.00 Lakhs
4. Khawzawl greater Water Supply Scheme                  Rs.    2497.00 Lakhs
5. Kanhmun Pumping Scheme                                        Rs.      380.00 Lakhs
6. Keilungliah Impounding Dam                                    Rs.    4746.00 Lakhs
7. Reiek Impounding Dam                                             Rs.      802.40 Lakhs
8. Cherhlun Water Supply Scheme                                 Rs.      375.00 Lakhs
9. Mimbung Water Supply Scheme                                Rs.      484.80 Lakhs
10. Haulawng Water Supply Scheme                               Rs.      355.00 Lakhs
11. Hnahlan Water Supply Scheme                                  Rs.      341.00 Lakhs
12. Suangpuilawn Water Supply Scheme                         Rs.      302.93 Lakhs
13. Phuldungsei Composite WSS                                     Rs.      431.27 Lakhs
14. Sairang Water Supply Scheme                                    Rs.      200.00 Lakhs
15. Phullen Water Supply Scheme                                    Rs.      424.00 Lakhs

 

c)         Jalmani (School Water Supply)

 

            The existing Rural Drinking Water Supply Programme aims to provide safe drinking water in adequate quantity to all rural habitations including rural schools. Due to various factors, the quality of drinking water is likely to deteriorate when it actually reaches the consumer end point, especially in vulnerable areas like rural schools. Therefore, in order to avoid harmful contamination it has been decided to install very simple Stand Alone Water Purification Systems in the rural schools.

 

 

            Therefore, total requirement of Stand Alone Purification System may be 3455 nos.

 

d)         Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme

 

            PHE Department, Government of Mizoram is currently undertaking the National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme (NRDWQM & SP) sponsored by the Central. The existing water quality testing laboratories are as follows.

1. State Referral Institute and State Public Health Laboratory at Aizawl headed by Chief Chemist.
2. There are 8 nos. of District Laboratories at every District Headquarters and 13 nos. of Sub-Divisional Laboratories at the following places:-

1. Vairengte
2. Zawlnuam
3. Khawzawl
4. Ngopa
5. Thenzawl
6. Tlabung
7. Hnahthial
8. Khawbung ‘S’
9. E. Lungdar
10. Darlawn
11. W. Phaileng
12. Tuipang
13. Saitual

 

e)         Emergency Water Supply by Truck

 

            Mizoram is a mountainous region with a narrow strip of plain along the river basin. During monsoon season, Mizoram has a good rainfall. However, during the dry season our water supply sources got easily dried up as the yield decreases resulting in severe drinking water scarcity at different towns and villages. Due to this Emergency Water Supply by Truck has been carried out during dry period in those severely affected habitations every year.

 

f)         Sewerage and Sanitation

 

Sewerage System and its significance:

The conveyance of sewage and industrial wastes from their place of origin to a place where they are treated and disposed of involves a system of sewerage. In towns, it is a standard practice to provide sewerage system alongwith proper treatment and disposal at the same time when water supply system is provided. When human excreta and industrial wastes are not properly disposed, it results in contamination of surface water, ground water, air and soil causing serious health problems to the Community.

 

PHE Department has created Sewerage and Sanitation Circle to look after Urban and Rural Sanitation and the Department created Sewerage and Drainage Circle East Division during 2000-2001, Superintending Engineer supported by one Executive Engineer in the Circle office. Sewerage and Drainage East Division is presently looking after Rural Sanitation (i.e. TSC etc.) within Aizawl District, Champhai District, Kolasib District and Mamit District. And Executive Engineer (P) look after Sewerage and Sanitation Division covering Rural Sanitation (i.e. TSC etc.) within Serchhip District, Lunglei District, Lawngtlai District and Saiha District.

 

Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Sewerage System in Aizawl city was already prepared and drainage system also done at different places in Aizawl city.

 

Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC):

            Individual health and hygiene is largely depend on adequate availability of drinking water and proper sanitation. There is, therefore, a direct relationship between water, sanitation and health. Consumption of unsafe drinking water, improper disposal of human excreta, improper environmental sanitation and lack of personal and food hygiene have been major causes of many diseases in developing country. Therefore, sanitation is one of the basic determinants of quality of life and human development index, the proper sanitary practices prevents contamination of water and soil and thereby prevents diseases. The concept of sanitation was therefore expanded to include personal hygiene, home sanitation, safe water, garbage disposal, excreta disposal and waste water disposal. This is also to provide separate urinals/ toilets for boys and girls in all the schools/ anganwadis in rural schools.

Main objectives of Total Sanitation Campaign are:

1. To make improvement in the quality of life in rural areas.
2. To accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas.
3. To motivate Community and Village Councils promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness campaign and health education.
4. To promote hygiene, education and sanitary habits among students as well as rural people.
5. Encourage cost effective and appropriate technological for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.

 

 

 

Total Sanitation Campaign Components:

 

1. Start up Activities: The start up activities includes conducting of preliminary survey to assess the status of sanitation and hygiene practices, people’s attitude and demand for improved sanitation.

 

2. IEC Activities: Information, Education and Communication (IEC) are important components of the Total Sanitation Campaign. These intend to demand for sanitary facilities in rural areas for households, schools and community sanitary complexes.

 

3. Construction of Individual Household Latrines: The main objects of Total Sanitation Campaign is the total household sanitary latrine with super structure, the individual household latrine is constructed for BPL, APL and community sanitary complex for rural areas.

 

Report on Total Sanitation Campaign (1^st April, 2011)

 

 

Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP): NGP is an incentive under Total Sanitation Campaign given to Village Council, which have complete sanitation coverage.

 

Objective of NGP:

 

1. To bring the topic of Sanitation to the forefront of Social and Political development in rural areas.

 

2. To develop open defecation free and clean villages.

 

3. To increase Social Mobilization in Total Sanitation Campaign implementation and to give incentive to Village Council to sustain the initiatives taken by them to eliminate the practice of open defecation.

 

            The award of NGP has been distributed to awardee every year, some of the Village Councils (VC) in Mizoram also received NGP award as follows:

 

                                                List of NGP Awardees

 

Sewerage & Sanitation Circle has also undertaken several drainage works during 2010-2011 for the improvement of drainage in Aizawl city area.

 

LIST OF DRAINAGES WORKS (LINK DRAINAGE) CONSTRUCTED

WITHIN AIZAWL CITY DURING 2010-2011

 

 

LIST OF PROPOSED TO BE TAKEN UP FOR CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINAGES

(LINK DRAIN) WITHIN AIZAWL CITY FOR THE YEAR 2011-2012

 

 

g)         Ground Water Cell

 

            A Ground Water Cell headed by Hydrogeologist and supported by Assistant Engineer and others has been established in the year 2011 amd looks after Ground Water related issues in the whole of Mizoram.

 

Geology:

            The geology of the rock type in Mizoram is the repetitive succession of argilla ceous and arenaceous sediments and comprised mostly – siltstone, clay stone, compact sandstone of tertiary sedimentary formation and the rock type of formation are generally striking N-S direction with high angle dipping either eastern or western direction. Due to tectonic activities irregular joint set patterns are prominent.

 

Ground Water Availability:

            Total area of Mizoram State is composed of tertiary sedimentary formation hydrogeologically rock type can be grouped into two categories i.e. semi-consolidated formation and consolidated formations, because of the heterogeneity of rock formation, the occurrence and movement of ground water resources in these areas are localized.

 

Ground Water Potential:

            The Estimation Committee constituted for the evaluation of ground water potential has assessed that the utilizable ground water potential in the State to be 0.040 BCM and the net draft is meager 0.00035 BCM. Thus, there is scanty development of ground water and the level of ground water development for the entire State is 0.90% only.

 

            Due to the changing of weather and climatic condition, the State of Mizoram is also suffering the changing of climate condition like less rainfall during the monsoon period and also in the remaining season. PHED followed the advice of His Excellency, the Governor of Mizoram, to improve the harvesting of rain water and ground water by inviting Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and Bhaba Atomic Research Center (BARC) to look into this matter and then PHED set up State Level Co-ordination Committee (SLTCC) under the Chairmanship of Principal Secretary, PHED.

 

            As per His Excellency’s advice PHED invite and request Principal Adviser, Govt. of India regarding improvement of ground and surface water with new recharging technology known as Isotope Technique / Hydrology. On 7^th – 10^th September 2009, Scientific Consultant, Govt. of India with four Scientists arrived in Mizoram and had investigated a selected place to start the new techniques. Then PHED and the team to BARC, Mumbai wrote MoU to take further action. As per their MoU, the required materials for the work are already in CE/PHE (M&I) office which are to be placed at their selected sites.

 

 

h)         Support Activities

 

a)   Communication & Capacity Development Unit (CCDU)

 

Aims and objectives of CCDU:

            CCDU is a proposal made by the Government of India for promoting the reform initiatives introduces in water supply and sanitation sector. It encouraged Community participation in the planning, implementation, operation and maintenance in water supply and sanitation schemes, of its preference and affordability. The main objectives of the CCDU are – to develop State specific information, education and communication strategy for reform initiatives in water and sanitation sector, and to provide capacity development of functionaries at all levels.

 

Staff Structure:

• Director
• Consultants (3 nos)

-           Water Supply

-           Sanitation

-           Mass Communication

• Data Entry Operator (2 nos)
• Peon

 

Activities/ Achievements (Upto 1^st April 2011):

• Organized training/ workshop four times on different topics for various target groups.
• Media based competition on water & sanitation related matters (using short messaging service via mobile phone).
• Drama script writing competition on water & sanitation related matters.
• Organized workshop two times on Institutionalization of Village Water & Sanitation Committee (VWSC) at district level.
• Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) study within the Department and at district level, and assessment.

 

Road Map (upto April 2011):

• Organization of workshop at all the remaining districts.
• Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) study at all districts and assessment.